American terms and expressions:
The Beginnings of American English, Mitford M. Mathews.
Short essays and collections on American English by various eighteenth- and nineteenth-century writers.
A Dictionary of Americanisms, John Russell Bartlett.
A collection of early Americanisms, first published in 1848.
I Hear America Talking and Listening to America, Stuart Berg Flexner.
Two volumes of American word inventions, from colonial times to the late twentieth century, arranged by topic.
American historical slang:
Dewdroppers, Waldos, and Slackers, Rosemarie Ostler.
My book—a collection of twentieth-century obsolete slang and buzzwords, plus a handful of technical terms, arranged by decade.
Flappers 2 Rappers, Tom Dalzell.
Twentieth-century youth slang, arranged by decade.
Juba to Jive, Clarence Major.
A collection of African-American slang, mostly from the twentieth century.
A New Dictionary of Americanisms, Sylva Clapin.
A 1902 glossary that includes Canadianisms.
Slang Today and Yesterday, Eric Partridge.
Collections of American, British, and Australian slang, eighteenth through early twentieth centuries.
British period words and slang:
Slang Down the Ages, Jonathon Green.
Arranged by topic, with approximate dates of earliest use.
A Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue, Francis Grose.
A collection of eighteenth-century slang, first published in 1785.
A Provincial Glossary, Francis Grose.
A collection of provincialisms and proverbs, published in 1787.
Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English, Eric Partidge.
A hefty dictionary of British and American slang, first published in 1938.
Bingo Boys and Poodle Fakers, by Various Authors.
A short collection of historical slang put out by the Folio Society.
Other Englishes:
Convict Words, Amanda Laugesen.
A dictionary of early colonial Australian English.
Sahibs, Nabobs and Boxwallahs, Ivor Lewis.
The language of British India.
Grammar Books:
Robert Lowth, A Short Introduction to English Grammar (1775)
Lindley Murray, English Grammar (1824)
Goold Brown, The Grammar of English Grammars (1884)
Special Subjects:
A Dictionary of the Underworld, British and American, Eric Partidge.
Nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
War Slang, Paul Dickson.
From the Civil War to the Gulf War.
Cowboy Lingo, Ramon Adams.
Mostly nineteenth century, arranged thematically.
Talk the Talk, Luc Reid.
Slang from 65 subcultures, including drugs, hip-hop, gamers, astrology, gambling, prison, and wiccan.
Sex Slang and Vice Slang, Tom Dalzell.
Two books of historical slang words for all sorts of bad behavior.
Online:
Historical Dictionary of American Slang
www.alphadictionary.com/slang/
Legends of America, Western Slang and Phrases
http://www.legendsofamerica.com/WE-Slang.html
Glossary of Military Terms and Slang from the Vietnam War
http://vnmilitaria.com/glossy.htm
Nineteenth-century Baseball Slang
http://www.gcv.org/historic-village/19th-century-base-ball/vintage-slang/
Twists, Slugs, and Roscoes: A Glossary of Hardboiled Slang
http://www.miskatonic.org/slang.html